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Abstract Chili peppers can be found everywhere, incorporated into colorful dishes across continents and around the world. They have also been analyzed by scientists in various ways: the factors that influence the degree of pungency, the evolutionary theories behind their spicy nature, ways to measure their spiciness levels, how humans

Abstract The design of the volleyball has had many iterations over the years since its creation. The evolution of the ball is not simply an aesthetic change. Traditional volleyballs have six distinct panels and a smooth synthetic leather surface and are still widely used and produced. Newer volleyballs utilize rougher

Abstract Competitive swimwear has increasingly become more high-tech since the 1990s. Recently, most medals won at the Olympics were won by swimmers wearing high-tech and highly engineered swimsuits. Likewise, most world records broken in the past 10 years were broken wearing high-tech swimsuits. As such, it is important to understand

Abstract The evolution of orbital observatories has and will shape the way we learn about the universe. Ever-increasing improvements in space flight and the advancement of instruments and technology have led NASA to many groundbreaking developments and discoveries. Discussing three of NASA’s many orbital observatories, the evolution of these space

Abstract Steel is an integral part of society, having countless purposes ranging from being the building materials for buildings in our cities to the kitchen forks on our dinner tables. While its relevance emphasizes the dire need to include steel in the future of the modern world, the production process

Abstract  As global temperatures rise to record highs, one major consequence our planet must face is increasing sea levels. Rising seas threaten coastal communities and small islands through erosion of their land. To prevent further damage, engineers are experimenting with various defense methods such as building large structures and planting

Abstract  As an integrated civilization, we have long sought a cashless society in which sophisticated technological advancements help prevent financial fraud. While the conservative banking industry constantly weighed the cost of production and maintenance against consumers’ unceasing demand for more expediency and security, payment cards evolved from stripes to chips

Abstract A QR code has two dimensions that can support different kinds of data. Numeric data, alphanumeric characters, and Kanji are the three main data types. The components of the QR code include indicators and data code. The QR code has many applications in our life, such as payment, product

Abstract We encounter retroreflective materials every single day: at street corners, on crosswalks, and almost anywhere that cars can go. They mostly go unnoticed during the day, but under the cover of darkness, the roads become an optical playground. Light on the road is designed to go back towards the

Abstract  The development of Bluetooth technology has had a revolutionary effect on  simplifying everyone’s lives, erasing the need for wires. When this concept was first introduced, engineers recognized that this technology could be applied to a variety of devices. From there, they tested it on headphones, ultimately transforming the technology

Abstract NFTs, which stands for Non-Fungible Tokens, have seen explosive growth in recent years for their involvement in the exchange of expensive digital items. However, it is important to note that NFTs are not a currency. Instead, they are tokens that can represent any virtual good and prove their uniqueness

Abstract Netflix is the world’s number one streaming platform with more than 200 million paid monthly subscribers in 2021. In its mission to entertain the masses, Netflix has a secret weapon: its recommendation system, which curates user specific content from Netflix’s massive media library for every single one of its

Introduction In mid-2016, much of the world got its first taste of augmented reality (AR) in the form of the wildly popular mobile game Pokemon Go. For weeks, people came together to explore the communities around them in the hopes of catching creatures called Pokemon, filling up once empty parks

Abstract The recent advances in artificial intelligence have given birth to a new kind of fraud: Deepfakes are media manipulated to portray a person as performing an action they did not actually perform. Their use has been primarily malicious, including political misinformation and the creation of fake celebrity porn. Deepfakes

Abstract: Throughout history, movies and games have had different expectations of them. Movies are expected to have gorgeous visual effects, and graphics are expected to look picture perfect. On the other hand, games have always been expected to have smooth, consistent gameplay. Recent advancements in the development of real-time rendering

Abstract              The advent of technology has reconfigured the way humans interact and form relationships. The democratization of digital dating technology has transformed complex courting processes into simple swipes and text messages. However, the majority of users are unaware of the internal rating system that assigns a “desirability” score for

Our magazine, as the name suggests, always aims to illuminate the many ways in which engineering impacts daily life, especially in the unexpected ones. Issue 22.4 showcases a handful of articles that reveal the surprising ways science and engineering can appear in our lives, with a lens focused on the

Abstract The reverse vending machine offers an alternative way to recycle bottled containers in an efficient, convenient, and incentivizing way. This mechanism is easy to manage, conveniently placed, efficient, and resourceful at recycling. Due to its simplistic process and positive intention of helping the environment, the reverse vending machine is

Abstract Waste from construction and demolition debris experienced a 420 percent spike between 2005 and 2017 [1]. To minimize the built environment’s negative impacts, architects and engineers can manipulate the rules of conventional construction to replace ordinary materials with recycled ones. Through the lens of conventional masonry construction, industry professionals

Abstract Innovations in technology are rapidly changing the face of the beauty industry. One such technology is Augmented Reality (AR) in the realm of beauty sampling. By harnessing AR technology in the beauty sector, we can minimize the cost and waste associated with physical samples and increase on-demand experimentation for

Abstract Biophilic cities try to reconnect people with nature, which is something many urban cities currently lack. Singapore is actively implementing many features of biophilic design in order to bring its residents more in touch with nature, just as it has been doing since it gained independence. Through a variety

Abstract The blue recycling bins that we throw our cardboard and plastics away in have made recycling extremely convenient, but what actually happens to the materials we put in these bins? First, the mixture of materials must be sorted using a combination of manual and automated processes. Relying on the

Abstract A building is a living structure. It protects its occupants, regulates heating and air, and conducts other processes to interact with the natural world. Architects have started to design buildings with this in mind, taking inspiration from the diverse flora and fauna of the planet which evolved to interact